Ability to take element as object for reflection

Ability to cognitively integrate element with other concerns

Ability to employ element in intentional behaviour

1. One’s own perceptions and interpretations, as an entity differentiated from reality

Cognitively test perceptions and conjectures against evidence.

Test perceptions and conjectures by asking counterpart.

2. Standpoints as differentiated from underlying needs

Exploring alternative ways of satisfying underlying needs

In discussions point out the differences between standpoints and underlying needs in order to open up a space for creative suggestions

3. Own worldview, value system, discourse

Critically reflect on one’s own biases as compared with alternative meaning-making systems

Openly expose and discuss differences and biases in worldviews, and their implications for conflict process.

4. One’s own motives, intentions and strategies.

Coordinate and integrate own interests with salient aspects of others interests

Reshape own motives and intentions through insight into compatibility with the overall situation.

5. Spontaneous value assignments and feelings

Coordinate spontaneous evaluations (e.g. dislikes) with principled values (e.g. respect for individual rights). Tolerate and integrate ambiguous, mixed, and contradictory feelings.

Actively transcend own dislikes in accordance with principled values; retain connection in spite of spontaneous dislike.

6. Bodily sensations (tensions, nervousness, pain, etc.)

Interpret bodily sensations in terms of the overall context, relate them to other concerns

Verbalize bodily sensations in relation to others involved in a non-manipulative way.

7. One’s own actions and choices

Evaluate own behaviour by comparison with values.

Ability to exercise choice of behavioural response in spite of strong impulses to react in a certain way. Feeling of being intentional even in situations characterized by strong external restrictions.

8. Unintended effects of own actions

Coordinating insight into unintended effects of own actions with goals and needs

Using insight into unintended effects of own actions to revise behaviour.

9. One’s own defensive reactions and strategies (e.g. distanciation)

Accept own reactions without identification with them

Verbalize and use in interactions in a non-manipulative way

10. The potential for learning from the conflict

Differentiate and integrate frustration and potential for learning and growth

Verbalization of one’s perception of the learning potential, and creation of suitable opportunities for learning

11. The feelings, emotions, fears, concerns, interests of the counterpart

Relate counterparts perspective to one’s own perspective, take 3rd part perspective and integrate viewpoints

Express empathy in spite of disagreements; Adapt priorities and actions in accordance with understanding of counterparts’ perspective (e.g. give recognition, make allowances for human weaknesses)

12. Integrity boundaries

Recognize importance of respecting other people’s integrity boundaries

Active and open recognition of integrity boundaries, use of such actions to influence situation; active defense of one’s own integrity boundaries

13. Durable relationships (qualities, dynamics)

Consider effects on relationships when pursuing own interests. Integrate needs for good relationships with (other) personal interests

Intentional acts aiming at changing the nature of relationships (attitudes, level of trust, openness, etc.) to counterpart or among colleagues.

14. The workgroup as a system (tasks, function, goals)

Integrate group goals with personal goals

Adapt own actions so as to contribute to overall performance of the group

15. The value system, norms, conventions, jargon of the group

Coordinate and evaluate group canon with individuated values.

Discuss critically the group canon in spite of conformity pressure.

16. Informal interaction norms and forms

Evaluate tacit rules in terms of conscious values, feelings and visions of alternatives.

Act to reshape the nature of interactions (reframing)

17. The emotional atmosphere of the group

Evaluate state of atmosphere in group.

Take action to change the overall atmosphere of the group.

18. Longterm evolution of workgroup

Integrate longterm aspirations with shortterm concerns

Act in order to attain longterm results